1. Ehia mau manawa e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ai ka ʻōnaehana reverse osmosis?
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, i ka emi ʻana o ka flux maʻamau e 10-15%, a i ʻole ka desalination rate o ka ʻōnaehana e hoʻemi i ka 10-15%, a i ʻole ke kaomi hana a me ke kaomi ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻāpana e hoʻonui ʻia e 10-15%, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka ʻōnaehana RO. . ʻO ka pinepine hoʻomaʻemaʻe e pili pono ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mālama mua ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana. Ke SDI15<3, hiki i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ke 4 manawa i ka makahiki; Aia ka SDI15 ma kahi o 5, hiki ke pāpālua ʻia ke alapine hoʻomaʻemaʻe, akā pili ka alapine hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kūlana maoli o kēlā me kēia kahua papahana.
2. He aha ka SDI?
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka ʻenehana maikaʻi loa no ka loiloi maikaʻi ʻana o ka pollution colloid i ka inflow o ka ʻōnaehana RO / NF ʻo ia ke ana i ka sedimentation density index (SDI, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka pollution blockage index) o ka inflow, he mea nui ia e pono ai. e hoʻoholo ma mua o ka hoʻolālā RO. I ka wā o ka hana ʻana o RO/NF, pono e ana mau ʻia (no ka wai ʻili, ana ʻia ʻo 2-3 mau manawa i ka lā). Hōʻike ka ASTM D4189-82 i ka maʻamau no kēia hōʻike. Hōʻike ʻia ka wai inlet o ka ʻōnaehana membrane e like me ka waiwai SDI15 pono e ≤ 5. ʻO nā ʻenehana kūpono e hōʻemi i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa SDI me ka kānana multi-media, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, etc. .
3. ʻO ka maʻamau, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana osmosis reverse a i ʻole kaʻina hoʻololi ion no ka wai inlet?
I nā kūlana koʻikoʻi he nui, hiki ke hoʻohana i ka resin exchange ion a i ʻole reverse osmosis, a pono e hoʻoholo ʻia ke koho o ke kaʻina hana e ka hoʻohālikelike waiwai. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka reverse osmosis, a ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka paʻakai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ion. Ma muli o ka kaulana o ka ʻenehana reverse osmosis, ua lilo ke kaʻina hui ʻana o ka reverse osmosis+ion exchange kaʻina a i ʻole multi-stage reverse osmosis a i ʻole reverse osmosis+nā ʻenehana desalination hohonu ʻē aʻe i lilo i mea ʻenehana a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama wai kūpono. No ka ʻike hou aku, e ʻoluʻolu e nīnau i ka ʻelele o ka Hui Hana Hana Wai.
4. ʻEhia mau makahiki e hiki ai ke hoʻohana i nā mea osmosis membrane?
ʻO ke ola lawelawe o ka membrane e pili ana i ka paʻa kemika o ka membrane, ke kūpaʻa kino o ka mea, ka maʻemaʻe, ke kumu wai o ka inlet, ka pretreatment, ka pinepine hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka pae hoʻokele hana, a pēlā aku. , ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mau makahiki.
5. He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka reverse osmosis a me ka nanofiltration?
ʻO ka Nanofiltration kahi ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale wai membrane ma waena o ka reverse osmosis a me ka ultrafiltration. Hiki i ka reverse osmosis ke hoʻoneʻe i ka solute liʻiliʻi loa me ke kaumaha molekala ma lalo o 0.0001 μm. Hiki i ka Nanofiltration ke wehe i nā solutes me ke kaumaha molekala ma kahi o 0.001 μm. ʻO ka Nanofiltration kahi ʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa reverse osmosis, i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kūlana i ʻole koʻikoʻi ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai i hana ʻia ma hope o ka mālama ʻana. He kūpono ka Nanofiltration no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai maikaʻi a me ka wai ʻili. Pili ka Nanofiltration i nā ʻōnaehana mālama wai me ka nui desalination kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole pono e like me ka reverse osmosis. Eia naʻe, loaʻa iā ia ka mana kiʻekiʻe e wehe i nā mea paʻakikī, i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa "membrane palupalu". He haʻahaʻa ke kaomi hana o ka ʻōnaehana nanofiltration, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ikehu ma mua o ka ʻōnaehana reverse osmosis e pili ana.
6. He aha ka mana hoʻokaʻawale o ka ʻenehana membrane?
ʻO Reverse osmosis ka ʻenehana kānana wai kūpono loa i kēia manawa. Hiki i ka reverse osmosis membrane ke hoʻopili i nā molekole inorganic e like me nā paʻakai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me nā mea organik me ke kaumaha molekala ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 100. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā molekole wai ke hele manuahi i ka membrane reverse osmosis, a ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o nā paʻakai soluble maʻamau he> 95- 99%. ʻO ke kaomi hana mai ka 7bar (100psi) i ka wā o ka wai inlet he wai paʻakai a hiki i 69bar (1000psi) inā he wai kai ka wai inlet. Hiki i ka Nanofiltration ke wehe i nā haumia o nā ʻāpana ma 1nm (10A) a me nā mea kūlohelohe me ka paona molekala ma mua o 200 ~ 400. ʻO ka 20 ~ 98% ka wehe ʻana o nā mea paʻa paʻa, ʻo nā paʻakai i loaʻa nā anion univalent (e like me NaCl a i ʻole CaCl2) he 20 ~ 80%, a ʻo nā paʻakai i loaʻa nā anion bivalent (e like me MgSO4) he 90 ~ 98%. Hiki i ka Ultrafiltration ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā macromolecules nui aʻe ma mua o 100 ~ 1000 angstroms (0.01 ~ 0.1 μm). Hiki i nā paʻakai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me nā molekole liʻiliʻi ke hele i loko o ka membrane ultrafiltration, a ʻo nā mea hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻo ia nā colloids, proteins, microorganisms a me macromolecular organics. ʻO ke kaumaha o ka nui o nā membrane ultrafiltration he 1000 ~ 100000. ʻO ka laulā o nā ʻāpana i wehe ʻia e ka microfiltration ma kahi o 0.1 ~ 1 μm. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā mea paʻa i hoʻopaneʻe ʻia a me nā colloid particle nui a hiki i nā macromolecules a me nā paʻakai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka membrane microfiltration. Hoʻohana ʻia ka membrane microfiltration e wehe i ka bacteria, micro flocs a i ʻole TSS. ʻO ke kaomi ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka membrane he 1 ~ 3 bar.
7. He aha ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ʻae ʻia ka ʻike ʻana o ka wai inlet osmosis membrane?
ʻO ka nui o ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o ka silicon dioxide e pili ana i ka mahana, ka waiwai pH a me ka mea paʻi paona. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka nui o ka ʻae ʻia o ka wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo 100ppm me ka ʻole o ka paona. Hiki i kekahi mau mea pa'i unahi ke 'ae i ka 'oi loa o ka nui o ka silicon dioxide i loko o ka wai pa'a i 240ppm.
8. He aha ka hopena o ka chromium ma ke kiʻi RO?
ʻO kekahi mau metala koʻikoʻi, e like me ka chromium, e hoʻopau i ka oxidation o ka chlorine, no laila e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻole ʻia ka membrane. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻoi aku ka paʻa o Cr6+ ma mua o Cr3+ i ka wai. Me he mea lā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hopena luku o nā ion metala me ke kumukūʻai oxidation kiʻekiʻe. No laila, pono e hoʻemi ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka chromium ma ka ʻāpana pretreatment a i ʻole Cr6+ e hoʻemi ʻia i Cr3+.
9. He aha ke ʻano o ka pretreatment maʻamau e koi ʻia no ka ʻōnaehana RO?
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau maʻamau i loko o ka kānana koʻikoʻi (~ 80 μm) e wehe i nā ʻāpana nui, e hoʻohui i nā oxidants e like me ka sodium hypochlorite, a laila kānana maikaʻi ʻana ma o ka kānana multi-media a i ʻole clarifier, e hoʻohui i nā oxidants e like me ka sodium bisulfite e hōʻemi i ke koena chlorine, a ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi kānana palekana ma mua o ke komo ʻana o ka paila kiʻekiʻe. E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, ʻo ka kānana palekana ka mea ʻinikua hope loa e pale ai i nā ʻāpana nui i hōʻino ʻole ʻia i ka impeller pump kiʻekiʻe a me ka mea membrane. Pono nā kumu wai me nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaneʻe ʻia i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana e hoʻokō i nā koi i kuhikuhi ʻia no ke kahe wai; No nā kumu wai me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palupalu a i ʻole ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻakika a me ka mea paʻakikī. No nā kumu wai me nā mea microbial kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea kūlohelohe, pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻenemepela hoʻōla a i ʻole nā mea anti pollution.
10. Hiki i ka reverse osmosis ke wehe i nā microorganisms e like me nā maʻi maʻi a me ka bacteria?
ʻO ka reverse osmosis (RO) ʻoʻoleʻa loa a he kiʻekiʻe loa ka neʻe ʻana o nā maʻi, bacteriophages a me nā maʻi bacteria, ma ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 3 log (nui ka wehe ʻana> 99.9%). Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i nā manawa he nui, hiki i nā microorganism ke hānau hou ma ka ʻaoʻao hana wai o ka membrane, e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ke ala o ka hui ʻana, ka nānā ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hiki o kahi ʻōnaehana e wehe i nā microorganism e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana, ka hana a me ka hoʻokele pono ʻana ma mua o ke ʻano o ka mea membrane ponoʻī.
11. He aha ka hopena o ka wela i ka hua wai?
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wai, a ʻo ia hoʻi. I ka hana ʻana i kahi mahana kiʻekiʻe, pono e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ke kaomi hana e hoʻomau i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wai, a me ka hope.
12. He aha ka pollution particle a me colloid? Pehea e ana?
I ka manawa e puka mai ai ka fouling o nā ʻāpana a me nā colloids i ka reverse osmosis a i ʻole ka ʻōnaehana nanofiltration, e hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ka hua wai o ka membrane, a i kekahi manawa e hoʻemi ʻia ka helu desalination. ʻO ka hōʻailona mua o ka colloid fouling ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaomi ʻokoʻa o ka ʻōnaehana. ʻO ke kumu o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā colloids i loko o ka membrane inlet puna wai ʻokoʻa mai kēlā me kēia wahi, pinepine me ka bacteria, sludge, colloidal silicon, iron corrosion products, etc. ʻO nā lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻāpana pretreatment, e like me ka polyaluminum chloride, ferric chloride a i ʻole cationic polyelectrolyte , hiki paha ke ho'ohehe'e 'ia inā 'a'ole hiki ke wehe 'ia i loko o ka clarifier a i 'ole ka kānana media.
13. Pehea e hoʻoholo ai i ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ke apo seal brine ma ka mea membrane?
Pono e hoʻokomo ʻia ke apo seal brine ma ka mea membrane ma ka ʻaoʻao inlet wai o ka mea, a ʻo ka wehe ʻana e kū i ka ʻaoʻao inlet wai. Ke hānai ʻia ka ipu kaomi i ka wai, e wehe hou ʻia kona wehe ʻana (ka lehelehe) e hoʻopaʻa loa i ka kahe ʻaoʻao o ka wai mai ka mea membrane a i ka paia o loko o ka ipu kaomi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-14-2022