1. Ugboro ole ka ekwesịrị ịsacha sistemu osmosis azụ?
N'ozuzu, mgbe mgbanwe ọkọlọtọ na-ebelata site na 10-15%, ma ọ bụ nkwụsị nke usoro ahụ na-ebelata site na 10-15%, ma ọ bụ nrụgide ọrụ na nrụgide dị iche n'etiti akụkụ na-abawanye site na 10-15%, a ga-ehichapụ usoro RO. . Ugboro ihicha na-emetụta kpọmkwem na ogo nke usoro nhazi usoro. Mgbe SDI15 <3, ugboro ihicha nwere ike ịbụ ugboro 4 n'afọ; Mgbe SDI15 dị gburugburu 5, enwere ike ịgbatị ugboro ihicha, mana oge nhicha na-adabere na ọnọdụ n'ezie nke saịtị ọrụ ọ bụla.
2. Gịnị bụ SDI?
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nkà na ụzụ kachasị mma maka nyocha nke ọma nke mmetọ colloid na ntinye nke usoro RO / NF bụ ịlele sedimentation density index (SDI, nke a makwaara dị ka mmetọ mmetọ blockage index) nke ntinye, nke bụ ihe dị mkpa nke ga-emerịrị. kpebisie ike tupu imewe RO. N'oge ọrụ RO / NF, a ga-atụrịrị ya mgbe niile (maka mmiri dị n'elu, a na-atụ ya ugboro 2-3 n'ụbọchị). ASTM D4189-82 na-akọwapụta ụkpụrụ maka ule a. A na-akọwapụta mmiri ntinye mmiri nke usoro akpụkpọ ahụ dị ka uru SDI15 ga-abụrịrị ≤ 5. Teknụzụ dị irè iji belata pretreatment SDI gụnyere multi-media filter, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, wdg. Ịgbakwunye polydielectric tupu nzacha nwere ike mgbe ụfọdụ welie nzacha anụ ahụ dị n'elu ma belata uru SDI. .
3. N'ozuzu, a ga-eji usoro osmosis na-agbanwe ma ọ bụ usoro mgbanwe ion maka mmiri nbata?
N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ nwere mmetụta, iji resin mgbanwe ion ma ọ bụ reverse osmosis bụ nke a ga-ekwe omume na nkà na ụzụ, na nhọrọ nke usoro kwesịrị ikpebi site na ntụnyere akụ na ụba. N'ozuzu, ka ọdịnaya nnu na-abawanye, ka ntụgharị osmosis na-adịwanye mma, na ọdịnaya nnu na-ebelata, ka ion na-agbanwewanye. N'ihi na ewu ewu nke reverse osmosis technology, Nchikota usoro nke reverse osmosis + ion usoro mgbanwe ma ọ bụ multi-stage reverse osmosis ma ọ bụ reverse osmosis + ọzọ miri desalination teknụzụ aghọwo a ghọtara teknuzu na akụ na ụba ọzọ ezi uche mmiri ọgwụgwọ atụmatụ. Maka nghọta ọzọ, biko kpọtụrụ onye nnọchi anya ụlọ ọrụ Water Treatment Engineering Company.
4. Afọ ole ka enwere ike iji ihe mebie osmosis akpụkpọ anụ?
Ndụ ọrụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ na-adabere na nkwụsi ike nke kemịkalụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ, nkwụsi ike anụ ahụ nke mmewere, ịdị ọcha, isi iyi mmiri nke ntinye mmiri, nhazi nke ọma, ugboro ole ihicha, ọkwa nchịkwa ọrụ, wdg dị ka nyocha akụ na ụba si kwuo. , ọ na-abụkarị ihe karịrị afọ ise.
5. Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti reverse osmosis na nanofiltration?
Nanofiltration bụ teknụzụ nkewa mmiri mmiri n'etiti reverse osmosis na ultrafiltration. Reverse osmosis nwere ike wepu solute kacha nta nke nwere oke molikula nke na-erughị 0.0001 μm. Nanofiltration nwere ike wepu solutes nwere ibu ihe dị ka 0.001 μm. Nanofiltration bụ n'ezie ụdị nrụgide dị ala na-agbanwe osmosis, nke a na-eji n'ọnọdụ ebe ịdị ọcha nke mmiri na-emepụta mgbe ọgwụgwọ adịghị esiri ike. Nanofiltration dabara adaba maka ịgwọ mmiri olulu mmiri na mmiri dị elu. Nanofiltration na-adabara na usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke desalination nke na-adịghị mkpa dị ka reverse osmosis. Otú ọ dị, ọ nwere ikike dị elu iji wepụ ihe ndị siri ike, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ "akpụkpọ ahụ dị nro". Nrụgide arụ ọrụ nke usoro nanofiltration dị ala, na ike oriri dị ala karịa nke usoro osmosis nke kwekọrọ.
6. Gịnị bụ ike nkewa nke akpụkpọ anụ technology?
Reverse osmosis bụ teknụzụ nzacha mmiri kachasị mma ugbu a. The reverse osmosis membrane nwere ike intercept inorganic ụmụ irighiri ihe dị ka soluble salts na organic bekee na molekul arọ karịa 100. N'aka nke ọzọ, mmiri molekul nwere ike kpamkpam gafere n'ime reverse osmosis akpụkpọ ahụ, na mwepụ ọnụego nke ahụkarị soluble salts bụ>95- 99%. Nrụgide arụ ọrụ sitere na 7bar (100psi) mgbe mmiri ntinye bụ mmiri brackish ruo 69bar (1000psi) mgbe mmiri ntinye bụ mmiri oké osimiri. Nanofiltration nwere ike wepụ ihe adịghị ọcha nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na 1nm (10A) yana ihe ndị nwere ike ịdị arọ karịa 200 ~ 400. Mwepụ nke ihe siri ike soluble bụ 20 ~ 98%, nke nnu nwere anions univalent (dị ka NaCl ma ọ bụ CaCl2) bụ 20 ~ 80%, na nke nnu nwere bivalent anions (dị ka MgSO4) bụ 90 ~ 98%. Ultrafiltration nwere ike kewaa macromolecules ibu karịa 100 ~ 1000 angstroms (0.01 ~ 0.1 μm). Niile soluble salts na obere ụmụ irighiri ihe nwere ike gafere site na ultrafiltration akpụkpọ ahụ, na ihe ndị nwere ike wepụ gụnyere colloid, protein, microorganisms na macromolecular organics. Arọ molekụla nke ọtụtụ membranes ultrafiltration bụ 1000 ~ 100000. Ihe dị iche iche nke microfiltration wepụrụ bụ ihe dịka 0.1 ~ 1 μm. Na mkpokọta, enwere ike igbochi ihe siri ike kwụsịtụrụ na nnukwu urughuru colloid ebe macromolecules na salts soluble nwere ike isi na akpụkpọ ahụ microfiltration pụọ kpamkpam. A na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ microfiltration wepụ nje bacteria, micro flocs ma ọ bụ TSS. Nrụgide dị n'akụkụ abụọ nke akpụkpọ ahụ na-abụkarị 1 ~ 3 mmanya.
7. Gịnị bụ kacha ekwe silicon dioxide ịta nke agbara osmosis akpụkpọ nbanye mmiri?
Oke kachasị mma nke silicon dioxide dabere na okpomọkụ, uru pH na ihe mgbochi ọnụ ọgụgụ. N'ozuzu, oke nnabata nke mmiri gbadoro anya bụ 100ppm na-enweghị ihe mgbochi nha. Ụfọdụ ndị na-egbochi ọnụ ọgụgụ nwere ike ikwe ka ọnụọgụ silicon dioxide kachasị na mmiri etinyere ka ọ bụrụ 240ppm.
8. Gịnị bụ mmetụta nke chromium na RO ihe nkiri?
Ụfọdụ ọla dị arọ, dị ka chromium, ga-eme ka oxidation nke chlorine, si otú a na-ebute mmebi nke akpụkpọ ahụ na-enweghị atụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na Cr6+ kwụsiri ike karịa Cr3+ na mmiri. O yiri ka mmetụta mbibi nke ion ígwè nwere ọnụ ahịa oxidation dị elu siri ike karị. Ya mere, a ga-ebelata ntinye nke chromium na ngalaba pretreatment ma ọ bụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala Cr6 + kwesịrị ibelata na Cr3 +.
9. Kedu ụdị ọgwụgwọ a na-achọkarị maka usoro RO?
Usoro ọgwụgwọ mbụ a na-emebu bụ nzacha na-enweghị isi (~ 80 μm) iji wepụ ihe ndị buru ibu, na-agbakwunye oxidants dị ka sodium hypochlorite, mgbe ahụ, nzacha dị mma site na multi-media filter ma ọ bụ clarifier, na-agbakwụnye oxidants dị ka sodium bisulfite iji belata chlorine fọdụrụnụ, na n'ikpeazụ ịwụnye ihe nzacha nchekwa tupu ntinye nke mgbapụta mgbapụta dị elu. Dị ka aha ahụ pụtara, nzacha nchekwa bụ ihe mkpuchi ikpeazụ iji gbochie nnukwu ụmụ irighiri ihe na mberede imebi ihe mgbapụta mgbapụta dị elu na mmewere akpụkpọ ahụ. Isi mmalite mmiri nwere ihe ndị ọzọ kwụsịtụrụ na-achọkarị ọkwa dị elu nke pretreatment iji mezuo ihe achọrọ maka ntinye mmiri; Maka isi iyi mmiri nwere ọdịnaya siri ike dị elu, a na-atụ aro ka iji nro dị nro ma ọ bụ na-agbakwunye acid na ihe mgbochi. Maka isi iyi mmiri nwere nnukwu microbial na organic ọdịnaya, carbon arụrụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi mmetọ akpụkpọ ahụ kwesịkwara iji.
10. Nwere ike reverse osmosis wepụ microorganisms dị ka nje na nje bacteria?
Reverse osmosis (RO) dị oke oke ma nwee oke mwepụ nke nje, nje bacteria na nje bacteria, ọ dịkarịa ala karịa 3 log (ọnụego mwepụ>99.9%). Otú ọ dị, e kwesịkwara icheta na n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, microorganisms nwere ike ịmalite ọzọ na mmiri na-emepụta akụkụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ, nke na-adabere na ụzọ mgbakọ, nlekota na nlekọta. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, ikike nke usoro iji wepụ microorganisms na-adabere ma nhazi usoro, ọrụ na njikwa kwesịrị ekwesị karịa ọdịdị nke akpụkpọ ahụ n'onwe ya.
11. Gịnị bụ mmetụta okpomọkụ na mkpụrụ mmiri?
Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke okpomọkụ dị elu, ka mmiri na-amịpụta dị elu, ma ọzọ. Mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ dị elu, a ga-ebelata nrụgide ọrụ iji mee ka mmiri na-agbanwe agbanwe, na ntụgharị.
12. Gịnị bụ urughuru na colloid mmetọ? Kedu ka esi atụ?
Ozugbo mmebi nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na colloid na-eme na reverse osmosis ma ọ bụ nanofiltration usoro, a ga-emetụta mkpụrụ mmiri nke akpụkpọ ahụ nke ọma, na mgbe ụfọdụ, a ga-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ mmiri mmiri. Ihe mgbaàmà mbụ nke nrụrụ colloid bụ mmụba nke nrụgide dị iche iche nke sistem. Isi iyi nke irighiri ma ọ bụ colloid na membrane ntinye mmiri mmiri dịgasị iche site n'otu ebe ruo ebe, na-agụnyekarị nje bacteria, sludge, colloidal silicon, iron corrosion products, wdg. Ọgwụ ndị a na-eji na akụkụ nke pretreatment, dị ka polyaluminum chloride, ferric chloride ma ọ bụ cationic polyelectrolyte. , nwekwara ike ịkpata mmebi ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị ike iwepụ ha nke ọma na nzacha ma ọ bụ nzacha mgbasa ozi.
13. Olee otú iji chọpụta ntụziaka nke wụnye brine akara mgbanaka na akpụkpọ anụ mmewere?
A na-achọrọ mgbanaka akara brine na mmewere akpụkpọ ahụ ka etinyere ya na njedebe ntinye mmiri nke mmewere, na oghere na-eche ihu ụzọ ntinye mmiri. Mgbe a na-eji mmiri na-enye mmiri nrụgide ahụ, a ga-emepe oghere ya (ọnụ ọnụ egbugbere ọnụ) iji mechie akụkụ mmiri na-asọpụta site na akpụkpọ ahụ na mgbidi dị n'ime nke arịa nrụgide.
Oge nzipu: Nov-14-2022