1. Kodi dongosolo la reverse osmosis liyenera kuyeretsedwa kangati?
Nthawi zambiri, kusinthasintha kokhazikika kutsika ndi 10-15%, kapena kutsitsa madzi m'dongosolo kumatsika ndi 10-15%, kapena kuthamanga kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi kupanikizika pakati pa magawo kumawonjezeka ndi 10-15%, dongosolo la RO liyenera kutsukidwa. . Kuyeretsa pafupipafupi kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa pretreatment system. Pamene SDI15<3, kuyeretsa pafupipafupi kungakhale 4 pa chaka; Pamene SDI15 ili pafupi ndi 5, maulendo oyeretsa amatha kuwirikiza kawiri, koma kuyeretsa pafupipafupi kumadalira momwe zilili pa tsamba lililonse la polojekiti.
2. Kodi SDI ndi chiyani?
Pakalipano, teknoloji yabwino kwambiri yowunikira bwino zowonongeka kwa colloid mukulowa kwa RO/NF system ndikuyesa sedimentation density index (SDI, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti pollution blockage index) ya kulowa, yomwe ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe liyenera kutsimikiziridwa pamaso pa RO mapangidwe. Panthawi yogwira ntchito ya RO/NF, iyenera kuyeza nthawi zonse (kwa madzi apamtunda, amayezedwa 2-3 pa tsiku). ASTM D4189-82 imatchula muyeso wa mayesowa. Dongosolo lamadzi lolowera la membrane limatchulidwa kuti mtengo wa SDI15 uyenera kukhala ≤ 5. Ukadaulo wothandiza wochepetsera kuyambika kwa SDI umaphatikizapo zosefera zamitundu yambiri, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, ndi zina. Kuwonjezera polydielectric musanasefe nthawi zina kumathandizira kusefa kwakuthupi pamwambapa ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa SDI. .
3. Nthawi zambiri, njira yosinthira osmosis kapena njira yosinthira ma ion iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madzi olowera?
Nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito utomoni wosinthira ma ion kapena reverse osmosis ndikotheka mwaukadaulo, ndipo kusankha njira kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuyerekeza kwachuma. Nthawi zambiri, mchere ukakhala wochuluka, m'pamenenso kuti reverse osmosis ikhale yotsika mtengo, ndipo mcherewo ukakhala wotsika, m'pamenenso kusinthana kwa ayoni kumakhala kopanda ndalama. Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwaukadaulo wa reverse osmosis, njira yophatikizira ya reverse osmosis + ion exchanger or multi-stage reverse osmosis kapena reverse osmosis + matekinoloje ena akuya a desalination yakhala njira yodziwika bwino yaukadaulo komanso yachuma yosamalira madzi. Kuti mumve zambiri, chonde funsani woyimilira wa Water Treatment Engineering Company.
4. Kodi ndi zaka zingati zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusintha ma membrane a osmosis?
Moyo wautumiki wa nembanemba umadalira kukhazikika kwa mankhwala a nembanemba, kukhazikika kwakuthupi kwa chinthucho, kuyeretsedwa, gwero la madzi a polowera, kuwongolera, kuyeretsa pafupipafupi, kuchuluka kwa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito, ndi zina zambiri. , nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka zoposa 5.
5. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa reverse osmosis ndi nanofiltration?
Nanofiltration ndi nembanemba madzi kulekana teknoloji pakati reverse osmosis ndi ultrafiltration. Reverse osmosis imatha kuchotsa solute yaying'ono kwambiri yokhala ndi mamolekyu olemera osakwana 0.0001 μ m. Nanofiltration imatha kuchotsa solutes ndi molekyulu yolemera pafupifupi 0.001 μ m. Nanofiltration kwenikweni ndi mtundu wa low pressure reverse osmosis, umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene chiyero cha madzi opangidwa pambuyo mankhwala si okhwima makamaka. Nanofiltration ndi yoyenera kuchiza madzi abwino komanso madzi apamtunda. Nanofiltration imagwira ntchito pamakina ochizira madzi omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha desalination chomwe chili chosafunika ngati reverse osmosis. Komabe, ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kochotsa zigawo zowuma, zomwe nthawi zina zimatchedwa "membala yofewa". Kuthamanga kwa nanofiltration system kumakhala kochepa, ndipo mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndiyotsika kusiyana ndi ya reverse osmosis system.
6. Kodi luso lolekanitsa laukadaulo wa nembanemba ndi chiyani?
Reverse osmosis ndiye ukadaulo wolondola kwambiri wazosefera wamadzi pano. Reverse osmosis nembanemba imatha kusokoneza mamolekyu monga mchere wosungunuka ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zolemera kwambiri kuposa 100. Komano, mamolekyu amadzi amatha kudutsa nembanemba ya reverse osmosis, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mchere wosungunuka ndi>95- 99%. Kuthamanga kwa ntchito kumachokera ku 7bar (100psi) pamene madzi olowera ndi madzi amchere mpaka 69bar (1000psi) pamene madzi olowera ndi madzi a m'nyanja. Nanofiltration imatha kuchotsa zonyansa za particles pa 1nm (10A) ndi zinthu zakuthupi zolemera kwambiri kuposa 200 ~ 400. Mlingo wochotsa zolimba zosungunuka ndi 20 ~ 98%, mchere wokhala ndi anions univalent (monga NaCl kapena CaCl2) ndi 20 ~ 80%, ndi mchere wokhala ndi bivalent anions (monga MgSO4) ndi 90 ~ 98%. Ultrafiltration imatha kulekanitsa ma macromolecules akulu kuposa 100 ~ 1000 angstroms (0.01~0.1 μ m). Mchere onse osungunuka ndi mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono amatha kudutsa mumkanda wa ultrafiltration, ndipo zinthu zomwe zingathe kuchotsedwa zimaphatikizapo colloids, mapuloteni, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi macromolecular organics. Kulemera kwa molekyulu ya nembanemba zambiri za ultrafiltration ndi 1000 ~ 100000. Kusiyanasiyana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tochotsedwa ndi microfiltration ndi pafupifupi 0.1 ~ 1 μ m. Nthawi zambiri, zolimba zoyimitsidwa ndi tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta microfiltration. Nembanemba ya microfiltration imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa mabakiteriya, ma flocs kapena TSS. Kupanikizika kwa mbali zonse za nembanemba kumakhala 1 ~ 3 bar.
7. Kodi pazipita zololeka silicon dioxide ndende ya reverse osmosis nembanemba polowera madzi?
Kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa silicon dioxide kumadalira kutentha, pH mtengo ndi scale inhibitor. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwamadzi okhazikika ndi 100ppm popanda sikelo inhibitor. Zoletsa zina zimatha kuloleza kuchuluka kwa silicon dioxide m'madzi okhazikika kukhala 240ppm.
8. Kodi chromium imakhudza bwanji filimu ya RO?
Zitsulo zina zolemetsa, monga chromium, zimatha kuyambitsa okosijeni wa klorini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kosasinthika kwa nembanemba. Izi ndichifukwa choti Cr6 + ndiyokhazikika kuposa Cr3 + m'madzi. Zikuoneka kuti zowononga zitsulo ayoni ndi mkulu makutidwe ndi okosijeni mtengo ndi wamphamvu. Choncho, kuchuluka kwa chromium kuyenera kuchepetsedwa mu gawo lokonzekera kapena osachepera Cr6 + ayenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala Cr3 +.
9. Ndi mtundu wanji wa pretreatment womwe umafunika kachitidwe ka RO?
The mwachizolowezi dongosolo chisanadze mankhwala tichipeza coarse kusefera (~ 80 μ m) kuchotsa lalikulu particles, kuwonjezera okosijeni monga sodium hypochlorite, ndiye kusefera bwino kudzera Mipikisano TV fyuluta kapena clarifier, kuwonjezera okosijeni monga sodium bisulfite kuchepetsa otsalira klorini, ndipo pomaliza kukhazikitsa fyuluta yachitetezo isanalowe pampu yothamanga kwambiri. Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, fyuluta yachitetezo ndiye njira yomaliza ya inshuwaransi kuti muteteze mwangozi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono kuti zisawononge chopondera chapampope ndi membrane. Magwero amadzi okhala ndi tinthu tambiri toyimitsidwa nthawi zambiri amafunikira kuwongolera bwino kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zomwe zanenedwa kuti madzi alowe; Kwa magwero amadzi okhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kufewetsa kapena kuwonjezera asidi ndi scale inhibitor. Kwa magwero amadzi okhala ndi ma microbial ndi organic, activated carbon kapena anti kuipitsa nembanemba ayenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
10. Kodi reverse osmosis kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya?
Reverse osmosis (RO) ndi wandiweyani kwambiri ndipo ali ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kuchotsa mavairasi, bacteriophages ndi mabakiteriya, osachepera 3 chipika (kuchotsa mlingo> 99.9%). Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwanso kuti nthawi zambiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kuswananso kumbali yotulutsa madzi ya nembanemba, zomwe zimatengera njira yosonkhanitsa, kuyang'anira ndi kukonza. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuthekera kwa dongosolo kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumadalira ngati dongosolo, ntchito ndi kasamalidwe kameneka ndizoyenera m'malo mwa chikhalidwe cha nembanemba yokha.
11. Kodi kutentha kumakhudza bwanji kuchuluka kwa madzi?
Kutentha kumakhala kokwera kwambiri, madzi amatulutsa kwambiri, ndipo mosiyana. Pogwira ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito iyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti zokolola zamadzi zikhale zosasinthika, ndi mosemphanitsa.
12. Kodi particle ndi colloid kuipitsa ndi chiyani? Kuyeza bwanji?
Kuwonongeka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi ma colloid kumachitika mu reverse osmosis kapena nanofiltration system, kutulutsa kwamadzi kwa nembanemba kumakhudzidwa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa mchere kumachepetsedwa. Chizindikiro choyambirira cha kuipitsidwa kwa colloid ndikuwonjezeka kwa kupsinjika kwa dongosolo. Gwero la particles kapena colloids mu nembanemba polowera madzi gwero zimasiyanasiyana malo ndi malo, nthawi zambiri kuphatikizapo mabakiteriya, sludge, colloidal pakachitsulo, chitsulo dzimbiri mankhwala, etc. Mankhwala ntchito pretreatment mbali, monga polyaluminium kolorayidi, ferric kolorayidi kapena cationic polyelectrolyte. , zingayambitsenso kusokoneza ngati sizingachotsedwe bwino mu clarifier kapena media fyuluta.
13. Kodi mungadziwe bwanji komwe mungakhazikitse mphete ya brine seal pa membrane element?
Mphete yosindikizira ya brine pa chinthu cha nembanemba imafunika kukhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa cholowera chamadzi, ndipo poyambira imayang'ana njira yolowera madzi. Pamene chotengera choponderezedwa chikudyetsedwa ndi madzi, kutsegula kwake (m'mphepete mwa milomo) kudzatsegulidwanso kuti kusindikize kwathunthu kutuluka kwa madzi kuchokera ku nembanemba kupita ku khoma lamkati la chotengera chokakamiza.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-14-2022