1. Ni kangahe sisitemu yoguhindura osmose?
Muri rusange, iyo flux isanzwe igabanutseho 10-15%, cyangwa igipimo cya desalination ya sisitemu kigabanukaho 10-15%, cyangwa umuvuduko wimikorere nigitutu gitandukanya ibice byiyongera 10-15%, sisitemu ya RO igomba gusukurwa . Inshuro yisuku ifitanye isano itaziguye nurwego rwo kwitegura. Iyo SDI15 <3, inshuro zogusukura zishobora kuba inshuro 4 mumwaka; Iyo SDI15 iri hafi ya 5, inshuro zogusukura zishobora gukuba kabiri, ariko inshuro zogusukura ziterwa nuburyo nyabwo bwa buri kibanza cyumushinga.
2. SDI ni iki?
Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji nziza ishoboka yo gusuzuma neza umwanda wa colloide yinjira muri sisitemu ya RO / NF ni ugupima igipimo cy’ubucucike bw’imisozi (SDI, kizwi kandi ko ari indangagaciro yo guhagarika umwanda) yinjira, kikaba ari ikintu cyingenzi kigomba. kugenwa mbere yo gushushanya RO. Mugihe cyo gukora RO / NF, igomba gupimwa buri gihe (kumazi yo hejuru, apimwa inshuro 2-3 kumunsi). ASTM D4189-82 yerekana ibipimo byiki kizamini. Amazi yinjira muri sisitemu ya sisitemu asobanurwa nkagaciro ka SDI15 igomba kuba ≤ 5.Ikoranabuhanga ryiza ryo kugabanya kwitegura kwa SDI harimo gushungura ibitangazamakuru byinshi, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, nibindi. .
3. Mubisanzwe, inzira ya osmose ihinduka cyangwa inzira yo guhana ion igomba gukoreshwa mumazi yinjira?
Mubihe byinshi bikomeye, gukoresha ion guhana resin cyangwa osmose ihindagurika birashoboka mubuhanga, kandi guhitamo inzira bigomba kugenwa no kugereranya ubukungu. Mubisanzwe, uko umunyu urushijeho kuba mwinshi, nubukungu burwanya osmose ihindagurika, kandi uko umunyu ugabanutse, niko ubukungu bwa ion buhinduka. Bitewe no gukundwa kwikoranabuhanga rya revers osmose, inzira yo guhuza rezo osmose + inzira yo guhanahana ion cyangwa ibyiciro byinshi bihindura osmose cyangwa revers osmose + ubundi buryo bwimbitse bwa desalalasiya bwabaye gahunda yemewe ya tekiniki nubukungu byumvikana neza yo gutunganya amazi. Kugira ngo ubyumve neza, nyamuneka ubaze uhagarariye uruganda rutunganya amazi.
4. Imyaka ingahe ishobora guhindura osmose membrane ibintu bishobora gukoreshwa?
Ubuzima bwa serivisi bwa membrane buterwa nubushakashatsi bwimiti ya membrane, ituze ryumubiri wibintu, isuku, isoko yamazi yinjira, kwitegura, inshuro zogusukura, urwego rwimikorere, nibindi. , mubisanzwe ni imyaka irenga 5.
5. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya osmose revers na nanofiltration?
Nanofiltration ni tekinoroji yo gutandukanya ibintu hagati ya osmose na ultrafiltration. Osmose ihindagurika irashobora gukuraho umuto muto ufite uburemere bwa molekile iri munsi ya 0.0001 μ m. Nanofiltration irashobora gukuraho ibisubizo bifite uburemere bwa molekile ya 0.001 μ m. Nanofiltration ni ubwoko bwumuvuduko ukabije wa osmose, ikoreshwa mugihe aho amazi meza yatanzwe nyuma yo kuvurwa adakabije. Nanofiltration ibereye gutunganya amazi meza n'amazi yo hejuru. Nanofiltration ikoreshwa kuri sisitemu yo gutunganya amazi hamwe nigipimo kinini cyo kunyaza bidakenewe nka osmose revers. Nyamara, ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gukuraho ibice bikomeye, rimwe na rimwe byitwa "koroshya membrane". Umuvuduko wimikorere ya sisitemu ya nanofiltration ni muke, kandi ingufu zikoreshwa ziri munsi yubwa sisitemu ihuye na osmose.
6. Ni ubuhe bushobozi bwo gutandukanya tekinoroji ya membrane?
Reverse osmose nubuhanga bwuzuye bwo kuyungurura amazi muri iki gihe. Indwara ya osmose ihindagurika irashobora guhagarika molekile zidasanzwe nkumunyu ushonga hamwe nibintu kama bifite uburemere bwa molekile zirenga 100. Kurundi ruhande, molekile zamazi zirashobora kunyura mumisemburo yinyuma ya osmose, kandi igipimo cyo gukuraho imyunyu isanzwe ikemuka ni> 95- 99%. Umuvuduko wo gukora uri hagati ya 7bar (100psi) mugihe amazi yinjira ari amazi meza kugeza kuri 69bar (1000psi) mugihe amazi yinjira ari mumazi yinyanja. Nanofiltration irashobora gukuraho umwanda wibice kuri 1nm (10A) nibintu kama bifite uburemere bwa molekile irenga 200 ~ 400. Igipimo cyo kuvanaho ibishishwa byoroshye ni 20 ~ 98%, iyumunyu urimo anion idahwanye (nka NaCl cyangwa CaCl2) ni 20 ~ 80%, naho iyumunyu irimo anion ihwanye (nka MgSO4) ni 90 ~ 98%. Ultrafiltration irashobora gutandukanya macromolecules irenze 100 ~ 1000 angstroms (0.01 ~ 0.1 μ m). Umunyu wose ushonga hamwe na molekile ntoya irashobora kunyura muri ultrafiltration membrane, kandi ibintu bishobora kuvanwaho harimo colloide, proteyine, mikorobe na mikorobe. Uburemere bwa molekuline yibice byinshi bya ultrafiltration ni 1000 ~ 100000. Urutonde rwibice byakuweho na microfiltration ni 0.1 ~ 1 μ m. Mubisanzwe, guhagarikwa gukomeye hamwe nuduce twinshi twa colloide birashobora guhagarikwa mugihe macromolecules hamwe nu munyu wa elegitoronike bishobora kunyura mubuntu muri microfiltration membrane. Microfiltration membrane ikoreshwa mugukuraho bagiteri, micro flocs cyangwa TSS. Umuvuduko kumpande zombi za membrane mubisanzwe 1 ~ 3 bar.
7. Ni ubuhe buryo ntarengwa bwemewe bwa silikoni dioxyde de reaction ya osmose membrane amazi yinjira?
Umubare ntarengwa wemewe wa dioxyde de silicon biterwa nubushyuhe, agaciro ka pH nubunini bwa inhibitor. Mubisanzwe, urugero ntarengwa rwemewe rwamazi yibanze ni 100ppm idafite inibitori. Inzitizi zimwe zishobora kwemerera urugero rwa dioxyde de silicon mumazi yibanze kuba 240ppm.
8. Ni izihe ngaruka za chromium kuri firime ya RO?
Bimwe mu byuma biremereye, nka chromium, bizatera okiside ya chlorine, bityo bitume iyangirika ridasubirwaho rya membrane. Ni ukubera ko Cr6 + idahagaze neza kurusha Cr3 + mumazi. Birasa nkaho ingaruka zangiza ion zicyuma hamwe nigiciro kinini cya okiside irakomeye. Kubwibyo, kwibumbira hamwe kwa chromium bigomba kugabanuka mugice cyo kwitegura cyangwa byibuze Cr6 + igomba kugabanuka kuri Cr3 +.
9. Ni ubuhe bwoko bwo kwitegura busabwa muri sisitemu ya RO?
Sisitemu isanzwe mbere yo kuvura igizwe no kuyungurura (~ 80 μ m) kugirango ikureho ibice binini, wongereho okiside nka sodium hypochlorite, hanyuma uyungurure neza ukoresheje ibitangazamakuru byinshi byungurura cyangwa bisobanutse, wongereho okiside nka sodium bisulfite kugirango ugabanye chlorine isigaye, hanyuma amaherezo ushyireho akayunguruzo k'umutekano mbere yo kwinjiza pompe yumuvuduko mwinshi. Nkuko izina ribivuga, akayunguruzo k'umutekano nigipimo cyanyuma cyubwishingizi kugirango wirinde impanuka nini zimpanuka kwangiza umuvuduko ukabije wa pompe hamwe nibintu bya membrane. Amasoko y'amazi afite uduce twinshi twahagaritswe mubisanzwe bisaba urwego rwo hejuru rwo kwitegura kugirango rwuzuze ibisabwa byinjira mumazi; Kubisoko byamazi bifite ubukana bwinshi, birasabwa gukoresha koroshya cyangwa kongeramo aside hamwe nubunini bwa inhibitor. Ku masoko y’amazi afite mikorobe nyinshi n’ibinyabuzima, hagomba no gukoreshwa ibintu bya karubone cyangwa birwanya umwanda.
10. Guhindura osmose birashobora gukuraho mikorobe nka virusi na bagiteri?
Osmose ihindagurika (RO) ni nyinshi kandi ifite igipimo kinini cyo gukuraho virusi, bagiteri na bagiteri, byibuze ibiti birenga 3 (igipimo cyo gukuraho> 99,9%). Icyakora, twakagombye kumenya ko mubihe byinshi, ibinyabuzima bishobora kongera kororoka kuruhande rwamazi atanga umusaruro, biterwa ahanini nuburyo bwo guterana, gukurikirana no kubungabunga. Muyandi magambo, ubushobozi bwa sisitemu yo gukuraho mikorobe biterwa nuburyo igishushanyo cya sisitemu, imikorere nubuyobozi bikwiye aho kuba imiterere yibintu ubwabyo.
11. Ni izihe ngaruka z'ubushyuhe ku musaruro w'amazi?
Ubushyuhe buri hejuru, niko umusaruro wamazi ari mwinshi, naho ubundi. Iyo ikorera ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, umuvuduko wimikorere ugomba kugabanuka kugirango umusaruro wamazi udahinduka, naho ubundi.
12. Umwanda uhumanya hamwe na colloid ni iki? Nigute twapima?
Iyo ikosa ryibice na colloide bimaze kugaragara muri sisitemu ya osmose cyangwa nanofiltration, umusaruro wamazi wa membrane uzagira ingaruka zikomeye, kandi rimwe na rimwe igipimo cyo kuryama kizagabanuka. Ikimenyetso cya mbere cyo kwanduza colloid ni kwiyongera k'umuvuduko utandukanye wa sisitemu. Inkomoko y'ibice cyangwa colloide mu isoko y'amazi ya membrane iratandukana bitewe n'ahantu, akenshi harimo za bagiteri, silige, silikoni ya silicon, ibicuruzwa byangirika, n'ibindi. , irashobora kandi gutera amakosa niba idashobora gukurwaho neza mubisobanuro cyangwa itangazamakuru ryungurura.
13. Nigute ushobora kumenya icyerekezo cyo gushiraho impeta ya kashe ya brine kubintu bya membrane?
Impeta ya kashe ya brine kuri membrane isabwa gushyirwaho kumpera yamazi yibintu, kandi gufungura bireba icyerekezo cyamazi. Iyo icyombo cyumuvuduko kigaburiwe namazi, gufungura kwayo (iminwa yumunwa) bizakomeza gufungurwa kugirango bifungishe burundu uruzi rwamazi ruva mubintu biva murugero rwimbere rwurukuta rwimbere rwumuvuduko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-14-2022